By Psychodynamic therapy delves into the less visible recesses of the mind. The purpose? To make the unconscious conscious and, in this way, resolve current psychological and/or emotional conflicts.
Applied independently or in combination with other therapeutic methods, this can be an interesting tool to address a variety of mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, relationship problems, and phobias. Join us as we break down the topic .
What is psychodynamic therapy?
Based on the theories of Sigmund Freud and other psychoanalysts, the psychodynamic approach maintains that the human mind contains unconscious aspects that shape our behavior and emotions in ways not always understood.
It is an approach that seeks to understand how past experiences and unconscious feelings influence life. As a result, it can lead to remission or reduction of symptoms.
The main objective of psychodynamic therapists is, in general terms, to unravel hidden aspects in order to resolve present conflicts, considering that this process can drive the individual to make significant changes.
Differences between psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapy
Although the influence of psychoanalysis on the psychodynamic model is indisputable, it is a mistake to use them as synonyms. There are some differences. Firstly, it should be noted that psychoanalytic therapy usually lasts several years, whereas psychodynamic therapy can be shorter.
In fact, it is in this context that brief psychodynamic therapy emerges. It is a more precise and focused form, the focus of which is to address specific and current problems. It is used to treat a wide range of emotional and behavioural conflicts, such as depression, anxiety and grief.
Another point of divergence is the therapeutic framework. While psychoanalysts tend to use the couch as a means of encouraging introspection and free association, psychodynamic therapists are more flexible with their approach, allowing for direct and participatory interaction with their patients.
It is also common for them to incorporate tools from other psychological theories to enrich their practice and better adjust to the individual needs of patients, as well as the context of each session.
Psychoanalysis has been criticized by many specialists due to the lack of scientific evidence supporting its methods. In contrast , the psychodynamic framework maintains its relevance and application in contemporary clinical practice, presenting itself as a more scientific approach.
Techniques applied in the psychodynamic model
This current seeks to help people explore and resolve issues rooted in the unconscious, in order to move forward in their lives. However, in the process they may encounter obstacles in the form of defense mechanisms that block access to such contents stored outside of consciousness. To overcome such barriers, techniques such as the following are applied.
Free association
“Say whatever comes into your mind” is the instruction given to the patient to encourage free association . This approach consists of allowing the patient to express any thought, feeling or image that arises in his or her head, without censorship or filter.
It is about encouraging spontaneous expression to facilitate access to hidden material and reveal thought patterns and internal conflicts. These may manifest themselves indirectly, through symbolic or seemingly irrelevant associations.
Dream Analysis
Dream analysis involves exploring the latent meanings behind dream images and scenes, as well as the patient’s personal associations, in order to unravel underlying conflicts and desires.
Dreams, considered symbolic manifestations of the unconscious , offer a unique window into the deep mental processes of the individual.
Interpretation
Interpreting goes beyond just listening. When a therapist interprets, he or she carefully examines what the patient says and does in the session. He or she looks for the deeper meanings behind the words and actions.
For example, if a client displays a recurring pattern of avoidant behavior in relationships, the therapist might interpret that dynamic as a form of self-protection against emotional vulnerability, even if the client has not expressed this explicitly.
Integration of techniques from other orientations
As we have already said, the psychodynamic therapist can integrate tools from other psychotherapeutic schools. Some of these include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) or Gestalt techniques, such as the empty chair . This possibility reflects a holistic understanding of the patient’s needs.
Advantages and disadvantages of psychodynamic therapy
As with any other approach, the therapy in question also has its pros and cons. Below are the benefits and limitations or drawbacks.
Pros
- Significant achievements in self-knowledge.
- Reduction in the use of defense mechanisms .
- Deep exploration of unconscious and emotional processes.
- Potential to generate lasting and significant changes in patient behavior.
Furthermore, one of its greatest advantages lies in the possibility of being intertwined with other therapies, thus allowing a complete and diverse approach to mental health challenges.
For example, if someone struggles with low self-esteem and strong self-criticism, the psychodynamic model looks at past experiences that have contributed, such as dysfunctional family relationships. In parallel, it can be combined with CBT strategies to challenge and restructure the automatic negative thoughts associated with self-concept.
Cons
- Longer treatment duration than other methods.
- High cost due to the need for frequent sessions.
- Risk of evoking traumatic memories unnecessarily or without a clear reason.
The importance of diversity of approaches
Every individual is unique, with their own experiences, perspectives and challenges. The truth is that what works for one person may not be suitable for another. For this reason, a variety of therapeutic methods is essential.
We already know what psychodynamic therapy is about and how it is applied, an approach that you can consider if you are looking to delve into the hidden corners of your mind and the underlying emotional conflicts.
Despite the limitations it entails, it is important to remember that this strategy is beneficial for many clients and that, in the hands of a qualified professional, it provides a safe and effective space for personal growth.