By Serotonin, also known as the “happiness hormone,” is key to promoting mental health and overall well-being. Discover its influence on the human body.
Serotonin is a chemical produced by our neurons to communicate with each other . It is a neurotransmitter that also acts as a hormone and facilitates key processes for our well-being.
It is found in various regions of the brain, as well as in other parts of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract and blood platelets. Because of its sedative action, it is often referred to as the “happiness particle.” Learn more about this neurotransmitter!
What is serotonin?
Serotonin (0 5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter in the central and enteric nervous system. It is involved in the modulation of neuronal activity and communication between nerve cells.
According to research published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology , we understand that one of its main functions is to help the brain deal with adverse situations and respond adaptively to them . Sometimes it acts more actively, and other times more passively.
It participates in mood regulation and in cognitive processes such as memory, learning and decision-making. It also plays a relevant role in physiological and behavioural functions such as appetite and sleep.
Main functions
A study carried out at the Faculty of Biological Sciences of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla brings together information from various investigations to highlight the main characteristics and functions of this neurotransmitter.
Regulates mood
It is directly related to a positive mood . At adequate levels, it produces a feeling of pleasure and well-being in our body.
There is a theory that a deficiency of this hormone is the main cause of depression. Therefore, the vast majority of medications with antidepressant functions are designed to increase serotonin levels in the body.
However, the connection between serotonin and depression is a matter of debate in the scientific community . The direct link hypothesis has been heavily criticized in recent decades due to inconsistencies in trials and research.
For example, a recent article published by the journal Molecular Psychiatry concludes that there is insufficient evidence to guarantee that depressive disorder is caused by low 5-HT concentration.
Maintains a good sleep-wake cycle
It has a considerable impact on sleep regulation. Although it is not the only hormone involved in the circadian rhythm , its contribution is crucial.
An adequate balance of serotonin in the brain contributes to quality rest. However, excessive levels of serotonin can lead to greater difficulty in falling or staying asleep, leading, for example, to insomnia .
Influences sexual desire
Sexual behavior and appetite are also influenced by 5-HT levels. The high serotonin density achieved by antidepressant drugs is associated with a decrease in sexual libido . As indicated by research published in the journal Clinical Medicine , they can affect arousal and lead to vaginal dryness or erectile dysfunction.
However, it is important to consider that there are many emotional, contextual and biological factors that come into play in sexual desire, so the levels of this hormone do not result in identical effects in each person.
Participates in impulse control
In line with what was proposed by a study by Miguel Hernández University , this hormone plays a significant role in the control and modulation of aggressive behavior.
In 2018, Nature Communications magazine surprised us with an interesting study carried out by University College London. According to this essay, serotonin regulates patience and impulse control .
Intervenes in bone health
Serotonin is not only found in the brain. It is also present in the intestine, in blood platelets and in bone cells.
Thus, a balanced serotonin density contributes to strong and healthy bones . However, it is worth clarifying that the relationship is still being investigated and understood in detail. At the same time, there is still a long way to go to transfer the basic discoveries to the orthopedic and traumatology clinic.
Participates in digestion
It is estimated that more than 90% of serotonin in the body is found in the intestine (an organ that many call the “second brain”). A study carried out by Spanish professionals indicates that people with irritable bowel syndrome have low levels of 5-HT.
On the other hand, an article published in Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology focuses on studying the functions and therapeutic objectives of 5-HT in this part of the body. It mentions the great utility of drugs that affect serotonin to treat functional intestinal disorders such as diarrhea or constipation.
It also plays an important role in regulating appetite and satiety . It identifies and sends the message of being satisfied after eating, which helps control hunger and prevent excessive and unnecessary food consumption.
A key element of well-being
As we can see, this chemical is involved in many processes that help maintain physical, emotional and mental balance . Although it does not act alone, its participation is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system and the regulation of different body functions.
Therefore, having its presence at an adequate level is more than important. Did you know that there are natural ways to increase serotonin density in the body?
Some practices that can help include maintaining a balanced diet rich in tryptophan (the precursor amino acid of 5-HT), exercising regularly, exposing yourself to sunlight, and practicing relaxation techniques.